Computer Simulation of Individualized Human Thermal Response during General Anesthesia / 医用生物力学

Objective To analyze the effects of anesthesia-induced thermoregulatory system impairment and low temperature environment of the operating room on the perioperative thermoregulation of individualized patients by constructing a computer simulation model. Methods A simple anesthesia model was proposed and then incorporated into the self-developed individualized thermoregulatory model, in which human body was represented as a cylinder with two layers of the core and the skin. The integrated model could be used to assess the effects of individualized characteristics such as age, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases on thermoregulation by modifying different physiological parameters involving sweating, shivering and cutaneous vasomotion. Simulation of the general anesthesia effects on human thermoregulation could be achieved by reducing basal metabolic rate and thresholds for vasoconstriction and shivering. Results The elderly people showed lower core temperature but higher skin temperature, compared with the young people. In a low temperature environment, an increase in fat thickness or an increase in severity degree of the left ventricular failure (LVF) might alleviate the decrease in core temperature, while an increase in wind speed or relative humidity could result in a decrease in core temperature. When the threshold setting of vasoconstriction was reduced by 0-5-3 ℃, the core temperature showed a significant decrease. Conclusions By comparing model simulations with experimental measurements, the reliability and validity of the model in predicting human transient thermal responses during varying external thermal environment was verified. The individualized characteristics of human body had an important influence on human body temperature in a low temperature environment. Moreover, the combination of individualized characteristics of human body and general anesthesia further complicated the body′s thermoregulation and posed significant challenges for clinicians.

Investigation on in in (), the bamboo slips of Han Dynasty in Zhangjiashan / 中国针灸

( change) in (（）, pulse change indicates the abnormal changes inside body) in the (), the Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty in Zhangjiashan is related to the classical thought on and the theory on meridians at early era. The connotation of was explored in views of interdisciplinary perspectives, such as Chinese medicine, philology and philosophy in the ancient time. It refers to the pulse changes as mentioned in ancient medical books, indicating the abnormal changes in the body. Before the ancient medical canonization marked as sphygmology, the ancient medical scholar focused on monism. Based on the thinking mode as analogy and detecting the root from the phenomenon, it is believed that refers to the imbalance of activity inside the body, manifested with the abnormal pulse change at relevant pulse region on the body surface. Accordingly, the disorders inside the body are detected by palpation.

Analysis of Variant Names of Meridians in Unearthed Documents andNei Jing / 上海针灸杂志

Through analyzing the different names of “arm Taiyin”, “arm Yangming”, “Juyang”, shoulder, tooth, and ear meridian [fromZu Bi (Arm and Foot),Yin Yang, andMai Shu (Classic of Meridians)] inNei Jing (Internal Medicine), this article was to reveal the changing process of the meridian terms from arm to hand, and to analyze the co-existence of the different meridian terms and the complicated relationships between the meridians pathways and their indications. It’s believed that different academic schools were unified inLing Shu (Spiritual Pivot) and then became systemic theories.

Long-term effect of a single perfluoroisobutylene exposure induced acute lung injury in mice / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the pulmanary fibrosis formed after a single PFIB exposure.METHODS A total of 70 male mice were exposed to PFIB 130 mg·m-3 for 5 min.Pulmonary edema of 10 mice was evaluated by lung indices at 24 h after PFIB exposure.Pathological changes and collagen deposition were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Sirius red stainings in the other mice,changes in collagen content in lungs and plasma by measuring the respective hydroxyproline content at 2,4,6,8,12 and 16 weeks after PFIB exposure.RESULTS Severe pulmonary edema was observed at 24 h after PFIB exposure.At day 14 after PFIB exposure,inflammatory cell infiltration,alveolar septum thickening,interstitial and alveolar edema and protein leakage were noticed.Collagens types Ⅰ and Ⅲ on the wall of vessel and bronchi were severely damaged,but considerable amount of collagen type Ⅲ deposited on the alveolar wall.The content of hydroxyproline considerably decreased in the lungs but increased significantly in the plasma up to six weeks.Hydroxyproline in lungs and plasma began to recover at the end of 8 weeks,and then returned to normal.At 16 weeks,they recovered to normal level.At the end of 4 weeks,the lung lesions and the collagens at the wall of vessel and bronchi began to recover gradually; collagen typeⅢ at the alveolar wall was gradually absorbed,too.At 16 weeks,the lungs almost recovered to normal level.CONCLUSION At earlier phase after PFIB exposure,the excessive collagens destruction in lungs is observed,but no pulmonary fibrosis forms at the later phase.

Diethylstilbestrol can induce bone marrow stromal cells to differentiate into osteoblasts / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: There are fewer reports about estrogen effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of diethylstilbestrol on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs. METHODS: Rabbit BMSCs cultured in vitro were intervened with 0, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 mol/L diethylstilbestrol, and BMSCs cultured with dexamethasone 10-8 mol/L, β-sodium glycerophosphate 10 mmol/L, and vitamin C 50 mg/L were used as positive controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 10-6 mol/L diethylstilbestrol significantly improved the proliferative ability of BMSCs at 24, 48, and 72 hours after intervention (P < 0.01). 10-5 mol/L diethylstilbestrol significantly inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs at 48 hours after intervention as well as 10-7 mol/L diethylstilbestrol at 72 hours (P < 0.01). Mineralized nodular structures formed at 25 days after intervention with 10-7 mol/L diethylstilbestrol. Alkaline phosphatase activities were remarkably increased at 14 and 21 days after intervention with 10-7, 10-6 mol/L diethylstilbestrol. It has been proved that diethylstilbestrol has an enhancing effect on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs.

Effects of different concentrations of recombinant human erythropoietin on proliferation of neural stem cells cultured in vitro / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is a glycoprotein. Recent studies have demonstrated that rhEPO regulates many functional activities of neural cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of rhEPO on proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in vitro. METHODS: Newborn Sprague-Dawley rat NSCs were harvested and cultured with serum-free culture medium containing different concentrations (5, 50, 500 U/mL) of rhEPO and 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factors (5, 50, and 500 U/mL rhEPO groups) and serum-free culture medium only containing 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factors (control group). After 7 days of culture, the cloning efficiency of NSCs was calculated. After 10 days of culture, neuron specific enolase (NSE)-and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive cells were quantified. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the rhEPO groups, cells proliferated rapidly, and the number of NSC microspheres was greater, in particular in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group, compared with the control group. NSCs grew faster in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group than in the control group. The number of NSE-and GFAP-immunoreactive cells was greater in the 50 U/mL rhEPO group than in the control group (P<0.01). These findings suggest that rhEPO promotes the in vitro culture and proliferation of NSCs, in particular 50 U/mL rhEPO.

Bacterial community and function of biological activated carbon filter in drinking water treatment / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>It aims to investigate the changes in composition and structure of bacterial communities developing on biological activated carbon (BAC) particles, and the bacterial functions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A pilot plant had been in service for 180 days, aiming to develop bacterial communities on activated carbon naturally. After 180 days of operation, the bacterial communities were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. The study on community composition and the phylogenetic relationships of the organisms was complemented by a sequence analysis of cloned PCR products from 16S rRNA genes. Gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) measurement was used to determine organic chemical composition of inflow and outflow water on the 300th day. TOC and NH(4)(+)-N were also tested in this experiment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It showed that the stable bacterial structure did not develop on BAC particles until the 9th month during running time of the BAC filter. The communities were finally dominated by Pseudomonas sp., Ba-cillus sp., Nitrospira sp., and an uncultured bacterium. Stable bacterial communities played an important role in removal of NH(4)(+)-N and total organic carbon (TOC). Results from gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) showed that 36 kinds of chemicals in feed water were eliminated, and concentrations of 5 kinds of chemicals decreased. These chemicals served as nutrients for the dominant bacteria.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The findings from the study suggested that the stability of microbial structure was beneficial for improving NH(4)(+)-N and TOC removal efficiencies. The dominant bacteria had the advantage of biode-grading a wide range of organic chemicals and NH(4)(+)-N.</p>

Isolation and Characterization of Antifungal Endophytic Bacteria from Soybean / 微生物学通报

Endophytic bacteria reside in most healthy plants;it can not be easily influenced by outer environment.Some endophytic bacteria are beneficial to host plants,such as growth promotion,disease prevention and nitrogen fixation etc.Therefore,endophytic bacteria ale the potential microbial fungicides,it may be widely applied.In this study,endophytic bacteria were isolated from soybcan cultivar Hefeng 25 that was a main soybean cultivar in Heilongjiang province,China.The results indicated that the density of endophytic bacteria varied in different tissues of the plant.It was 3.4×103CFU/g in roots,2.8×103CFU/g in leaves,2.9×102 CFU/g in stems and 1.4×102 CFU/g in seeds.The activity of 121strains against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.soybean,caused soybean root rot,were assayed.25.6% of them showed antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp.soybean.One of them,strain TF28 isolated from soybean roots could inhibit the growth of many fungal pathogens.The inhibitory rates against F. oxysporum from different plant species were 80.2%-96.7%.Based on the morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the sequence of 16S rRNA,strain TF28 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.